http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.15

Hospital Based Prevalence of Malnutrition in

Pediatrics

Sanjeev Kumar Sinha*, Amit Kumar

Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, India

Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, India

*Address for Correspondence: Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Sinha, Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, India

ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood deaths due to principal under nutrition.

Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age

below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.

Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).

Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.

Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting

http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.4

Green Biodiesel Production Potential from Oil

Seeds in Iran

Meysam Madadi1,2*, Aqleem Abbas2, Zahoor1,2

1Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

2College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

2Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan

*Address for Correspondence: Mr. Meysam Madadi, Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science

and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

ABSTRACT- Due to the concern on the accessibility of recoverable fossil fuel resources and the environmental problems caused by the use those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an alternative to petro-diesel. In Iran, biodiesel can be as an optimum alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The biodiesel production potential from oil seeds such as cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, corn, sesame, olive, sunflower, safflower, almond, walnut and hazelnut in Iran was investigated. Oil seeds are not commonly used for energy application in Iran. This is because of

noticeable resources of oil and natural gas in Iran and also most of the edible oil (almost 90%) is being imported for human consumption. Purpose of this study is to cover several outlooks on the size of the biodiesel oil seeds resource in Iran. In the present study, data was collected from Iran’s Ministry of Agriculture in 2014. Around Iran, 826708.6 ha of land from 13 states are anticipated to be suitable land for cultivating of oil seeds. There are about 2.72 million tons of oil seed crops in Iran that can potentially produce 408692.088 million litter of biodiesel every year. Cottonseed, soybean,

rapeseed, almond and olive are the most favourable biodiesel production source. In Iran, water is a main problem for growing plants, therefore drought-resistant oil seed crops will be produced such as cotton, rapeseed, soybean and safflower etc. Based on the results, drought-resistant oil seed crops can be grown in Iran and these oils can be used in biodiesel production industry.

Key-words- Iran, Bioenergy, Biodiesel, Oil seed

http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.9

Study of Zooplankton Diversity of Chhapakaiya Pond Birgunj, Nepal

Lal Babu Prasad Yadav, Ajay Singh*

1Department of Zoology, D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (U.P.), India

*Address for Correspondence: Dr. Ajay Singh, Professor, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University,Gorakhpur, India

ABSTRACT- Fresh water resources are not unlimited. The high rate of increase of human population of Nepal and the rapid rate of industrialization have created problems of disposal of waste water products. The domestic wastes, excretory materials of both human and animals and industrial effluents are discharged into the nearly lakes, rivers, reservoirs and tanks and even in the catchment area of the above water bodies. The undesirable substances are regularly mixed into the water of pond through surface run-off that degrades the water quality. Since last several years, there have been added an array of agricultural pesticides and insecticides, which are further seriously aggravating the problem of pollution both for public health and aquaculture. The detailed information of water quality and status of affected living organisms of water bodies are necessary for the implementation of any management plan. The present investigation encompasses on plankton identifying the ecological quality of Chhapakaiya pond Birgunj, Nepal. Seasonal sampling from all the sampling sites (site

A, B, C, D) in winter, summer and rainy season for period of 12 months (November 2014 – October 2015) at 9:00-11: 00 AM. A total of 27 taxa from different classes of zooplankton were reported. The zooplanktons were reported to be maximum (774.4 unit/L) during summer and minimum (539.2 unit/L) during the rainy season in Chhapakaiya pond.

Key-words- Zooplankton, Biological productivity, Habitat degradation

http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.6

A Study on Formulation of Multiparticulate Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System of Curcumin

Abhishek Kumar1*, Brijesh Kr. Tiwari2, Ravi Kant3

1Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Mewar University (Rajasthan), India

2Research Supervisor, Department of Pharmacy, Mewar University (Rajasthan), India

3Director (Applied Research), Department of Pharmacy, Mewar University (Rajasthan), India

*Address for Correspondence: Mr. Abhishek Kumar, Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Mewar University

(Rajasthan), India

ABSTRACT- The objective of our present study was to develop multiparticulate gastro retentive drug delivery system of Curcumin. The gastro retentive drug delivery system can be formulated to improve the absorption and bio-availability of curcumin by retaining the system into the stomach for prolonged period of time. The floating drug delivery system of curcumin was prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method by using ethyl cellulose, Eudragit L100, HPMC, Phyllium husk polymers in varying concentration. Formulations were evaluated for percent yield, particle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro buoyancy as well as in vitro release studies. The optimized formulations show good buoyancy and in vitro controlled release of Curcumin.

Key-words- Floating microsphere, Ethyl cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose (HPMC), Eudragit L 100, Phyllium Husk

http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.13

Studies on Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal

Flora and its Contribution to Livelihood

Enhancement in the Doon-Valley, Uttrakhand

(India)

Ankush Sharma, Harmanjeet Singh, Narendra Kumar*

1PG Scholar-Uttaranchal College of Sciences and Technology, Dehradun, UK, India

2Head, Department of Botany, Alpine Institute of Management and Technology, Dehradun, UK, India

*Address for Correspondence: Dr. Narendra Kumar, Head, Department of Botany, Alpine Institute of Management and

Technology, Dehradun, UK, India

ABSTRACT- Uttrakhand has tremendous potential for medicinal plants cultivation and in becoming one of the  important options for sustainable livelihood in the Doon valley as well as all hilly regions. Doon-valley, Uttrakhand can take advantages of increasing demand and low availability of medicinal and aromatic plants resources in the other part of the country and start to grow highly valuable medicinal plants in high altitude areas. Medicinal and aromatic plants can play an important role in the subsistence livelihood enhancement rural people, especially women through an environmentally sustainable manner while maintaining the biodiversity of these natural products.

Key-words- Endangered plants, Medicinal flora, Indigenous use, Medicinal and aromatic plants

http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.11

Emerging Trends to Minimize the Post Harvest

Decay of Perishable Fruits

Geetanjli*

Department of Botany, Dev Samaj College for Women, Ferozepur, Punjab, India

*Address for Correspondence: Dr. Geetanjli, Asst. Professor, Department of Botany, Dev Samaj College, Ferozepur,

Punjab, India

ABSTRACT- Fruits and vegetables are mainly consumed for their nutritive value. India ranks high in the world in

production of these commodities. But, a major part of the yield is lost due to a number of factors. Post harvest decay due

to attack by a variety of pathogen is one of the main reason responsible for such losses. Most of the fruits and vegetable

are prone to attack by post harvest pathogens. But, perishable fruits are at maximum risk due high moisture content

present in them. Various control measures have been practiced against the fungal pathogens. Tradionally used methods

like irradiation, use of chemical fungicides etc. have certain environmental and health hazards associated with them.

Recent trends are shifting towards safe and consumer friendly strategies to control the post harvest decay of perishable

fruits. Presently, trends are focusing on enhancement of the shelf life of perishables along with the minimization of the

losses in quantitative as well as qualitative terms. In the recent past, a metamorphic change in the post harvest

management scenario has been observed. Emerging trends are aimed at use of biological control measures to combat the

post harvest losses.

Key-words- Post harvest decay, Perishables, Fungal pathogens, Biological control, Post harvest management, Emerging

trends, Consumer friendly strategies

http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.1

Role of Glycated Hemoglobin in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-diabetes

Naresh Kumar Jha*

Department of Biochemistry, Lord Buddha Koshi Medical College, Saharsa, Bihar, India

*Address for Correspondence: Dr. Naresh Kumar Jha, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

Lord Buddha Koshi Medical College, Saharsa, Bihar, India

ABSTRACT- Introduction: Importance of measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended for

the diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes. However, various epidemiological studies conducted different parts of the

universe have shown significant discordance between HbA1c and glucose-based tests. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is

assumed to be the gold standard for monitoring glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus disorder. The Glycated

hemoglobin (HbA1c) assay provided an accurate, precise measure of chronic glycemic levels, and associates with the risk

of diabetes complications.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional prospective study. A total of 868 individuals attended to the medicine

outpatient clinic at Lord Buddha Koshi Medical College, Saharsa, Bihar between Jan 2016 to Dec 2016 were selected for

the study after screening a large cohort visited OPD. The results of FPG, OGTT, and HbA1c for 868 individual were

analyzed as well as all grouped as diabetic patients, glucose intolerant (pre-diabetes) patients, and non-diabetic patients

according to new ADA criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes.

Results: Diagnostic sensitivity of all diabetic criteria were 80.33% for A1c; 75% for OGTT and only 41.87% for FPG

respectively.

Conclusion: The proposed A1c diagnostic criteria have greater diagnostic than FPG and 2-h OGTT regarding a diagnosis

of diabetes mellitus disorder.

Key-words- Glycated Hemoglobin, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Oral glucose tolerances test (OGTT), Diabetes Mellitus,

and Pre- diabetes