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www.ijlssr.com                             Copyright © 2015-2017 International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research

Targeting p53-MDM2 Interaction by Natural Plant Products: A Novel Approach for Future Cancer Therapy

M.V. Raghavendra Rao^1*, B.Vijay Raj², Yogesh Acharya¹, S. Jitendra Kumar Nayak³, SireeshaBala A¹, Anusha C. Pawar³

¹Avalon University School of Medicine, Curacao, Netherland Antilles

²Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

³Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

                                                                                                         

^*Address for Correspondence: Dr. M.V. Raghavendra Rao, Professor, Department of Microbiology,                                   Dean of student affairs, Avalon University School of Medicine,

Sta. Rosaweg 122-124, Willemstad Curacao, Netherlands Antilles

ABSTRACT- P53 is a tumor suppressor gene with a well established role in causation of different human cancers. The p53-MDM2 interactions have become the cornerstone of intensive cancer based research due to their effective anti-cancer properties. These potential compounds are found in many traditional natural plant products. In the present context, there is a tremendous level of enthusiasm to evaluate the pharmacological potential of various natural plants used in traditional systems of medicine. The experimental efforts to carry out such biological screening of plants are still considerably high, and therefore, computer-aided drug design approaches have become attractive alternatives. Virtual screening has established itself as a dynamic and cost-effective technology to isolate compounds with pharmacological potential. The main aim of the present study is to identify a novel or similar or better drug like compound in comparison with that of the FDA approved drug Nutlin (potent MDM2-p53 inhibitor) from the Hamelia patens plant, through the Structure Based Virtual Screening, Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation studies, for future anti-cancer therapy for future implications as a therapeutic model.

Key-words- MDM2-p53 interaction, Natural Plant products, Virtual screening, Docking, Molecular dynamic simulation

CONCLUSION

MDM2 has been identified as a p53 interacting protein which represses p53 transcriptional activity. Design of non-peptide, small-molecule inhibitors, obtained from secondary plant products, that block the MDM2-p53 interaction has been sought as an attractive strategy to activate p53 for the treatment of cancer and other human diseases. Major advances have to be made in the design of these small-molecule inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction as targeted therapies for advanced preclinical development or clinical trials, justifying the use of plant in traditional medicine practices. It is therefore recommended that more work be conducted to help optimally extract all the bioactive compounds in the plant and formulate into appropriate doses for the treatment.

How to cite this article:

Raghavendra Rao M.V., Raj BV, Acharya Y, Nayak SJK, SireeshaBala A, Pawar AC: Targeting p53-MDM2 Interaction by Natural Plant Products: A Novel Approach for Future Cancer Therapy. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2017; 3(2): 940-950. DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.12

www.ijlssr.com                             Copyright © 2015-2017 International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research

Estimation of Mass of Single Cell

Siddhesh M. Mahadik*

Department of Biotechnology, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

                                                                                                         

^*Address for Correspondence: Siddhesh M. Mahadik, Department of Biotechnology, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Bandra (W), Mumbai- 400050, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT- Cells are always considered as a basic unit of life in every aspect, almost whole environment consists of various types of cells. Many scientists did research on such type of organisms and they concluded almost every functioning of how micro-organisms actually work in a proper manner. Every organism has a particular morphology which can be a factor to differentiate organism based on size but in this research, it has been found that how to measure the weight of single cell whether the prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, independent of other factors. Thus, by finding the mass and relating with its size we can even find the density of organism, may be sometimes the size cannot be a factor to detect how heavy the cell is!. Hence, using this technique one can differentiate various organisms based on their single cell weight. Many applications can be found by the respective person if someone using this technique. One of application is one can isolate aerobic bacteria also using this technique and can sub-culture it.

Key-words- Cell size, Single cell weight, Differentiate organisms, Isolation of aerobes

Bead 6: No microbial growth in centre

(NOTE: For this experiment, all beads taken must be like Bead no. 1 after microbial growth hence, necessary to check under light)

 CONCLUSION

The weight of single cell present in bead was 0.2 ng and hence using this technique weight of any organism can be found. If somebody wants to measure the density of particular single cell for example S. aureus whose diameter is 1µm, then the density of organism is given by (mass of single cell/ Volume of the sphere)= [m/(4/3) x π x r³]. Hence, by using this technique we can differentiate various organisms based on their single cell weight.

How to cite this article:

Mahadik SM: Estimation of Mass of Single Cell. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2017; 3(2): 887-890. DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.2

Source of Financial Support: Nil, Conflict of interest: Nil

http://ijlssr.com/current-issue.aspx

Estimation of Mass of Single Cell

Siddhesh M. Mahadik*

Department of Biotechnology, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

                                                                                                         

^*Address for Correspondence: Siddhesh M. Mahadik, Department of Biotechnology, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Bandra (W), Mumbai- 400050, Maharashtra, India

Received: 31 December 2016/Revised: 16 January 2017/Accepted: 17 Feburary 2017

ABSTRACT- Cells are always considered as a basic unit of life in every aspect, almost whole environment consists of various types of cells. Many scientists did research on such type of organisms and they concluded almost every functioning of how micro-organisms actually work in a proper manner. Every organism has a particular morphology which can be a factor to differentiate organism based on size but in this research, it has been found that how to measure the weight of single cell whether the prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, independent of other factors. Thus, by finding the mass and relating with its size we can even find the density of organism, may be sometimes the size cannot be a factor to detect how heavy the cell is!. Hence, using this technique one can differentiate various organisms based on their single cell weight. Many applications can be found by the respective person if someone using this technique. One of application is one can isolate aerobic bacteria also using this technique and can sub-culture it.

Key-words- Cell size, Single cell weight, Differentiate organisms, Isolation of aerobes

     

Fig.1: Structure of Eukaryotic cell Fig. 2: Structure of Prokaryotic cell     Fig. 3: Silica Gel beads 

                   Fig. 4: Principle of Mass of Single cell                  Fig. 5: Silica gel beads

                                A: Normal silica gel bead (Transparent)

                          B: Microbial growth in bead (white)

 Fig. 6: Six Microbial beads kept in sunlight denoted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

Observation at shadows of beads:  Bead 1: Total microbial growth throughout bead hence no light passed through it;

Bead 2-4: Light passed through the nutrient broth (orange reflection in shadow) present in the centre of beads which resembles growth of microbes on the surface only

Bead 5: shows partial growth of microbes due to depletion of nutrient broth and hence white reflection can be seen in shadow

Bead 6: No microbial growth in centre

(NOTE: For this experiment, all beads taken must be like Bead no. 1 after microbial growth hence, necessary to check under light)

CONCLUSION

The weight of single cell present in bead was 0.2 ng and hence using this technique weight of any organism can be found. If somebody wants to measure the density of particular single cell for example S. aureus whose diameter is 1µm, then the density of organism is given by (mass of single cell/ Volume of the sphere)= [m/(4/3) x π x r³]. Hence, by using this technique we can differentiate various organisms based on their single cell weight.

How to cite this article:

Mahadik SM: Estimation of Mass of Single Cell. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2017; 3(2): 887-890. DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.2

Source of Financial Support: Nil, Conflict of interest: Nil

Estimation of Mass of Single Cell

Siddhesh M. Mahadik*

Department of Biotechnology, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

                                                                                                         

^*Address for Correspondence: Siddhesh M. Mahadik, Department of Biotechnology, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Bandra (W), Mumbai- 400050, Maharashtra, India

Received: 31 December 2016/Revised: 16 January 2017/Accepted: 17 Feburary 2017

ABSTRACT- Cells are always considered as a basic unit of life in every aspect, almost whole environment consists of various types of cells. Many scientists did research on such type of organisms and they concluded almost every functioning of how micro-organisms actually work in a proper manner. Every organism has a particular morphology which can be a factor to differentiate organism based on size but in this research, it has been found that how to measure the weight of single cell whether the prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, independent of other factors. Thus, by finding the mass and relating with its size we can even find the density of organism, may be sometimes the size cannot be a factor to detect how heavy the cell is!. Hence, using this technique one can differentiate various organisms based on their single cell weight. Many applications can be found by the respective person if someone using this technique. One of application is one can isolate aerobic bacteria also using this technique and can sub-culture it.

Key-words- Cell size, Single cell weight, Differentiate organisms, Isolation of aerobes 

Fig.1: Structure of Eukaryotic cell Fig. 2: Structure of Prokaryotic cell  Fig. 3: Silica Gel beads 

Fig. 4: Principle of Mass of Single cell

Fig. 5: Silica gel beads

A: Normal silica gel bead (Transparent)

B: Microbial growth in bead (white)                 

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Butterfly Diversity in Agroecosystem of Arjuni/Morgaon Taluka, Gondia, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT- Butterflies are the important pollinating agent for wild and crop plants. Despite of its global significance, studies of butterfly diversity during monsoon and post-monsoon season in agroecosystem of Arjuni/Morgaon taluka of Maharashtra have not been recently undertaken. Survey was carried out on butterflies of agricultural field during monsoon and post-monsoon season, Arjuni/Morgaon, Maharashtra, India because it is now clear that in and around agricultural fields particularly paddy field are unique ecosystems that provide some butterflies to complete their life span. Total 44 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 32 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family is consisting of maximum number of genera and species and only three species recorded from family Papilionidae. Maximum species richness reported from July to November month. The present study will encourage the conservation of a wide range of indigenous butterfly species in an area.

Key-words- Butterfly, Diversity, Fauna, Agricultural field, Monsoon, Post monsoon